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25. What are Reciprocal Links?
Reciprocal Links are links between two Websites based on an agreement between the two owners. They can be defined as outbound links exchanged for inbound links. A reciprocal link is an agreement between two webmasters to provide a hyperlink within their own website to each other's web site. In general, this is done to provide readers with quick access to related sites, or to show a partnership between the two sites. Reciprocal links can also help to increase traffic to your web site in two ways. First you will probably have some viewers visit your site from clicking the reciprocal link directly. Secondly, most Internet search engines also take into account the number of web sites which contain links to your web site; the more hyperlinks to your site found, the higher up in the search engine rankings you'll find your site.

26. What is Spamming?
Spamming is the term used to describe techniques that might be used to 'trick' search engines into ranking a website high up in their search results - such as the repetitive use of keywords, hidden text or keywords unrelated to the site's content. Search engines will penalize websites that use such methods and will either downgrade them in their rankings, or exclude them completely. Spamming is illegal method to achieve top ranking on search engines. The following are regarded as spamming: heavy repetition of words, hidden words, indiscriminate use of multiple pages at multiple domains that point to the same place, or the use of automatic redirection that takes viewers to a different URL than the one submitted to the search engine. Though these techniques may lead to immediate results, they are considered illegal by the search engines. Search engines will ban a site from indexing for spamming. Avoid any techniques that are regarded as Spam.

27. What is a Hit?
A hit is a single file request in the access log of a web server. A request for an HTML page with three images will result in four hits in the log: one for the HTML file and one for each of the graphic image files. Whilst hits can give a meaningful measure of how much traffic a web server is processing, a better way of understanding accesses to a website is to look at the number of pages accessed (eg just html files). Page views are a much better way to measure traffic.

28. What are Frames?
This is the HTML technique that creates a fixed element to a web page, usually containing navigation buttons for the website that will be constantly visible. Frames were a popular technique several years ago but can cause problems for search engine optimization as they restrict the ability of some crawlers to index the site. However, frames are not as big an obstacle as some people will make out and may also offer advantages when optimizing a website.

29. What do you mean by FFA Sites?
Free For All sites are often included within the lists used by some companies or software, offering submission of your website to 'thousands of sites'. However websites are added to FFA sites on a 'most-recent' basis and are used to front a marketing site. As a result, submissions to FFA sites will usually result in your website only being listed for a short time and in return, your e-mail address will receive hundreds of 'junk' marketing e-mails, many of which will require a manual opt-out.

30. How can I use META tags in the most effective way?
META Tags are the most important tags that search engines use (if supported) to categorize, prioritize and rank your website. Meta tags provide a very concise fashion for website owners to categorize their site by the most appropriate keywords and descriptions. Because of the great flexibility in giving the opportunity for webmasters to categorize their webpages, this also opens up the issue of abuse. Bear in mind that search engines have algorithms to prevent abuse of excessive meta tags, so there are some general principles that webmasters should adhere to such as:

Keep META Tags Short But Concise
Many webmasters realize that search engines use Description and Keyword META tags heavily and try taking advantage of this by writing very long descriptions and keywords. Search engines have a finite database and will only index a certain portion of your website. Try to keep your META tags simple and to the point. Search engines take into account the number of occurrences of each tag and may penalize your website's rankings if you overuse META tags.

Avoid Using All Upper Case (Caps)
Some search engines used to prioritize websites that started with capital letters or those that had special characters such as numbers. This technique may still work with some older search engines, but beware that search engines are constantly on the lookout for abusers.

Avoid "Bridge" Pages
Bridge pages are pages which redirect a user to another page, which is often the page that the webmaster intended a user to go to directly. This practice is strongly discouraged by search engines as it clutters their databases with useless pages and opens the opportunity for users to spam search engines with irrelevant pages. Bridge pages are mostly associated with the META Refresh Tag.

Avoid Repetition
Try to avoid repeating the same keywords or descriptions in your meta tags. Often, search engines will degrade your rankings when they detect repetition of the same words in your META Tags. Should you need to use repetition, separate the repeated words from each other by a few other keywords.

Prioritize Your Keywords
Some search engines will read only the first few lines of your webpages to get an overview of your website. Search engines which do this may miss some of your META tags. As such, you should put focus on your description and keywords META tags with priority on the first few words.

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